One of the “really wonderful” challenges is breastfeeding, shared the 24-year-old mother with Us Weekly on Tuesday, but nothing beats the feeling of acute love – “incredible amount of love” – when she wakes up in the morning and knows she is going to see her baby.

Duff feels so much love that she wants to share it, so she has joined the Johnson’s Baby Cares Save the Children support campaign organized to furnish Johnson’s Care Kits to needy families with little children.

It was a logical decision to make for Duff, her having been helped along when growing up with Johnson’s Baby products – like millions of babies like herself. “Now that I’m a mom, I’m inspired by initiatives to help other moms and babies throughout the world,” the Lizzie McGuire star said, quoting Save the Children’s statistics about 90% of children in the US living in areas with a high risk of natural disasters. No matter what may happen, families must have means that enable them to give proper care to their babies.

The Johnson’s Baby Cares campaign for Save the Children that Duff is backing up is out to raise funds for poor and disaster-stricken families and ensure their being provided with essential Johnson’s products like Johnson’s Baby Powder, Johnson’s Baby Lotion, Johnson’s Baby Shampoo, Head-to-Toe Baby Wash and Desitin.

Probably Duff can be involved in the campaign because she is getting lots of help at home from hubby Mike Comrie.

The actress gushed about Comrie who is always popping in to see if he can help with diapers and things and makes babycare additionally exciting for her. “He’s a natural,” she said, grateful for his assistance – which she certainly needs!

As soon as she could, Duff set about getting her workouts, and enrolled for SoulCycle spin classes (with Comrie’s company too!). Although she is a little longer than a week for the classes, the actress told Us, she has already become obsessed with them. The reason? The classes are only 45 minutes long, but they manage to squeeze out a lot of sweat in the time, which is a good show for any fitness workout.

Nevertheless, while doing her best to bring down the weight, Duff never means to overdo it for the sake of a quick and impressive result. She resumed her workouts because she had been missing them during her pregnancy and birth, she explained. “I need endorphins… to be a happy person,” she said, but she fully realizes the difference between regaining the pre-baby body and becoming a workout freak.

She shouts at the child and may even slap him/her. Do not worry, she is not a bad mom. It is just fatigue that leads to a bad mood. Some other reasons will be discussed further in the article.

Mothers Are Angry Because of Their Helplessness

Mind that all people tend to get irritated, crying and being angry from time to time. Why then be so afraid of these emotions? Many adults are often unable to distinguish between their feelings, emotions, desires, and actions.

Sometimes the usual feeling of annoyance can turn into a desire to scream, cry, or even kick. For a small child it is normal, but an adult should always distinguish between desires and actions, understand his/her feelings, and only then decide whether to act that way.

What Is Rage?

Psychologists believe that anger is a quite normal feeling, which is even a little useful. The main thing is to know how to handle it. Anger tells us about the need for change.

It is often small children, who cause rage. Everything happens because of the feeling of helplessness that adults have. We just do not know how to help our baby in some situations. What should we do?

To begin with, try to “tune yourself” to understand what the baby wants. Then you will need to collect yourself: leave the room, stay alone for some time, and relax from the high-pitched scream. It would be a good idea to call someone and ask for advice.

Bad mood and anger can also be caused by the feeling of fatigue. Do not make yourself a slave to the apartment and the baby. Ask the members of your family for help, you also need to have a rest. Spare more time and attention for yourself. Hire a nanny.

When and How to Stop Being Angry with Your Baby?

Sometimes a nervous mom does not even notice what is happening with her baby. And she may even scare it with her behavior. Have you seen fear in the baby’s face? This is a signal to stop! Pull yourself together and apologize to your baby.

Being Angry “the Right Way”

• Do not turn your dissatisfaction into permanent accusations. But do not restrain your discontent as well. The best way is to gently explain to your child what exactly you do not like.
• If you find it difficult to restrain your “primitive” rage, do not torture yourself: punch a pillow, tear a towel… but do it so that the child would not see it.
• But the best thing is to beat up a carpet or wash the floor. Thus you will lose your negative emotions and switch to something else. To raise your mood, you can also listen to good music, watch a movie or a cartoon with the child, bake a cake… You can do virtually anything!
• And most importantly – do not worry! Remember that every mother screams at her child at least once in her life. We are not perfect, but we must strive to become perfect!

Many British mothers believe (not without the help of some doctors, misguided in this matter) that tight swaddling helps the newborn feel more secure. However, this practice of swaddling – when both arms and legs are held tightly to the baby – weakens the joints of the child. This is confirmed by the statistics of recent years: there has been a growing number of cases of hip dysplasia in newborns in Britain.

Professor of orthopedic surgery at the University of Southampton, Dr. Nicholas Clarke, believes that there is no need for tight swaddling of babies. It is necessary to leave enough space for the baby to bend its legs, because there is still plenty of time for them to “straighten out”. It will take about a year before the child makes the first steps.

There has been a study at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, involving 5,357 children born between 1976 and 1982. If they experienced at least two surgical interventions before their second birthday, ADHD was twice as likely to be diagnosed until the age of 19, if to compare them with their peers.

The author of the study, David O. Warner, MD, explains that the longer the child is unconscious, the higher the risk of developing ADHD is. However, if the child must have a surgery, the parents still should agree with the doctor. For all that the scientists can say for sure is that they can not exclude the possibility of such problems, but the clear causal relationship has not yet been found.

The concerns about the potential influence of general anesthesia on brain development were first introduced about 10 years ago, when the experiments were carried out on animals. It became clear that after anesthesia they demonstrated changes in brain regions, associated with behavioral problems.

Virginia Loup, the author of the study, explains that it is associated with an increased content of hormones. The risk of cancer is also caused by the speed of a girl’s maturation. If breasts begin to grow too rapidly, the predisposition to cancer evolves, as well.

Medical Express reports that breast cancer remains a genetic condition, but other factors also have influence – for example, the age when a woman gives birth to her first child and the number of children.

The study is published in Breast Cancer Research and Treatment.

Harris treats his and Burtka’s twins, boy Gideon and girl Harper, born in October 2010, as if they were his peers – as he told PEOPLE. That’s the attitude his father and mother took with him and his brother, he recalled. They used to talk to them “like we were regular people and not babies.”

Consequently the actor and magician never uses baby talk but talks to his twins as if they understood everything and are just temporarily unable to respond.

He rejoices in the company of his babies whom he describes as the perfect young ones to raise the man’s spirits – “huggy, clingy, head-on-shoulders,” giving Harris, 38, and Burtka, 36, “fantastic” experience.

Last weekend, nevertheless, the couple took leave of the babies to attend Audi’s Penthouse party on Friday night and then the Super Bowl in Indianapolis, Ind.

Before they left Harris tweeted that he was all agog to explore the place and spend a Super Bowl weekend and just didn’t know what to begin with. He thought of going to a football game on Sunday, but had a sudden change of heart on the eleventh hour.

There were crowds everywhere, he shared with PEOPLE, telling he lost the desire to hang about the town. “It’s madness.” What he seemed to have preferred was a quiet evening with a book.

The study, conducted by the scientists from Cornell University, has shown that children, unlike adults, prefer bright and colorful dishes. For example, a child will gladly eat even broccoli and fish from a plate, which is decorated with seven different images and painted with 6 colors. Adults need only three items and three colors in the picture. So, it is not the parents’ remark, but the color of the plate that is crucial for the child when he or she sees porridge or steamed vegetables.

By the way, last year the British Tesko company invented another way to feed little fastidious kids with tasteless cauliflower. The company has raised cauliflower, which is literally colorful. Purple, yellow, green cauliflower is colored this way not because of the use of chemical substances. Cauliflower has just been hybridized with other species, including broccoli.

The symptoms of poor sleep can be characterized by snoring, the syndrome of “restless legs”, the difficulty in falling asleep (more than 15-20 minutes), nightmares, insomnia, and night terrors.

It is needless to say, that restless sleep affects the child’s daily activities in a negative way. Sleep is an important part of development. The development of cognitive skills and the ability to think, learn and analyze also depend on whether the child gets enough sleep, especially at the age from 1 to 3 years.

Not all parents pay attention to the child’s snoring. Such a situation is normal if the baby has a cold, but there should be no snoring in the baby’s usual state. Snoring during sleep is a clear message that the child may be prone to sleep apnea and various breath problems during sleep. If the disease develops and is not treated, the consequences can be very unpleasant: an increased risk of hypertension, heart disease, obesity and diabetes.

If you notice that your child has sleep problems, try to stick to the regime, walk in the fresh air more often, offer your child to play active outdoor games, and provide him or her with a healthy diet. If you cannot get rid of the problem in such a way, go to the doctor immediately, especially in the case of sleep apnea.

Naturally, there was a safety glass wall between Sofia Walker, 3, and the lion Malik, but that did nothing to diminish the ferocity with which the animal tried to get at the girl with his paws. It paused and then continued to strike at the glass making his anger manifest – yet failing to get the undaunted girl to cringe away from the sight.

The Wellington Zoo’s Paul Hatton explained that the threatening pawing was intended to show that Malik wasn’t going to share his breakfast with the girl.

In fact, she can even be considered young in comparison with the new generation of parents, who prefer using reproduction methods and have their first-born babies in the age, when their peers are already nursing their grandchildren.

Getting Pregnant Despite Menopause

60-year-old Ann Maloney, the mother of two children (her elder daughter Isabella is 10 years old, and her younger daughter Lily is 7), gave an open-hearted interview to the New York Magazine telling about how her girls had been born. She met her second husband, John Ross, when she was 47, and a year later the spouses decided to have a child (a donor ovule was used for the conception). To have her second baby, Ann resorted to hormonal drugs and addressed the doctors, who managed to draw her out of the menopause. Today, the couple is happy, despite their age. The elderly parents say that they have enough strength and energy to raise both daughters.

Getting Pregnant at 53

A similar thing happened to a 53-year-old Kate Garros, who had lost her chance to become a mother at an early age. This story also involved a second marriage. Kate’s husband had been dreaming of having twins. The couple also used donor ovules for the IVF. Now, Alexandra and John have been making their mom and dad happy for seven years. However, the mother is now 61 years old, and she suffers from arthritis, which constantly reminds her of her age. From her personal experience, Kate says that people are baffled if you do not look like a typical mom, whom they expect to see.

Parents or Grandparents?

Fiona Palin from Los Angeles is 48 years old. Five months ago, she gave birth to a baby, Katherine. By that time, Fiona and her husband Nick had almost lost hope of ever becoming parents. It took them 10 years and 6 IVF attempts; three cases of pregnancy ended tragically. During the last attempt a frozen embryo was used. Fiona confessed of her thoughts that nothing would happen again, and they did not have any hopes left. But after nine months of an ‘ideal’ pregnancy, Catherine was born, and everyone would call her Kiki with affection. The baby is nearly six months old, and her mother still cannot quite believe that a miracle has happened.

Her husband is well aware of the fact that he could have been the grandfather of his daughter. He was not kidding when he said with irony that he did not have any grandchildren, so he decided to have his own child. He realizes the bitter truth that he can not be there when his daughter turns 30. His wife plans to send their daughter to a boarding school when she becomes a teenager, so that Kiki could have at least some “sisters”.

Here is how the psychologist Julianne Zweifel commented on the emerging tendency: “Children have the right for at least one parent alive and well.”

Why Are Pregnant Women “Getting Older”?

Mothers are getting older with every year. Over the past 10 years, the number of the women giving birth after 45 has increased more than twice in the USA. The number of those who gave birth after the age of 50 has increased by 375%. The reason for this rapid growth is the improvement of medical technologies, such as freezing of embryos, which allows women to postpone motherhood for the time being. Obstetricians and gynecologists claim that the biological age of many 50-year-old women is 10-15 years less than the real age, so they are fully capable to bear children. The studies have shown that those, who decide between pregnancy and career and prefer to pursue a career, postponing their pregnancy “for later times”, are wealthy, educated, and, consequently, physically healthier than their average statistical peers. Richard Paulson, fertility expert at the University of Southern California, says that these 50-year-olds are very young.

According to La Liberte Angel, who runs a California website for older mothers, women are too much under pressure which is often quite unreasonable. Women are expected to be responsible for the household duties, to earn money and to give birth within a certain period of time. However, the risks remain significant. Mothers aged 35 or more are 20% more likely to experience preterm labor, which leads to an increase in health problems for the child (the risk involves the lungs, the gastrointestinal tract and neurology, and the chances that the baby will be autistic also increase). However, the mothers themselves are having difficult times. Pregnant women, who are over 40, face the risk of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and hypertension. That is why many clinics, specializing in IVF, set strict age limitations.

What Makes Older Women Decide to Get Pregnant?

There is no doubt that getting pregnant is a balanced and deliberate decision. The children, who are born with “older” mothers, could hardly be more desired and loved. Sometimes their appearance can save a marriage that has been crumbling on the eyes, as if it were a house of cards. That is what happened with the relationship of John Travolta and Kelly Preston. After the death of the elder son, 16-year-old Jett (he had died of epilepsy in the Bahamas), the star couple was about to divorce. Fortunately, Ella Blue now has a younger brother Benjamin. The happy father says his son is so smart, cute, healthy, and wonderful. He is simply delighted with the kid, who “makes every day of his life better.”

The new meaning of life, no more and no less – that is what babies give their “adult” mothers.

The scientists interviewed 581 college students about their relationship with parents. Parents were divided into three types:

• authoritarian (those who set strict rules, demand obedience and do not tolerate discussions)
• authoritative (who also require strict adherence to rules, but are ready to have a dialogue)
• allowing (those who behave with the child more like friends rather than parents).

It turned out that authoritative parents are best able to control their child’s life, and allowing parents can hardly do that. Authoritarian fathers and mothers were somewhere in between. And most importantly, the teenager finds it especially useful to closely cooperate with the parent of the opposite sex. That means that sons of authoritative mothers and daughters of influential fathers are most protected from the problems, alcohol in particular.

Source of the image: Photl.

Most often that happens when children start browsing the Internet without their parents being able to monitor what sites they are visiting – and 52% of kids habitually surf the net when they are alone in the room.

Over 12% of them at the age from 9 to 16 have received sexually-charged messages on their cell phones or when they were socializing online.

These data, to be found in Professor Sonia Livingstone’s study on children’s online behavior and communicative habits as the UK-related part of an all-Europe survey, were used in a BBC Panorama documentary program. Named Too Much Too Young, it presents newsreader Sophie Raworth’s attempt to look into the way how our children can come by sexually oriented media material.

Ms. Raworth’s attention was drawn to the issue by a pop music video she watched in company of her daughter Ella who is 6 years old. Performances by bands like Girls Aloud or the Saturdays made her experience acute embarrassment.

The sight of scantily dressed girls showing their cleavages while engaged in erotic dancing proved too much for her. “My gut reaction was to switch it off,” comments Ms. Raworth, adding that tons of makeup and artificial unnaturally long eyelashes did not present a female image she would like her daughter to see.

It is impossible to know how exactly such images influence our children, she said, and many parents would mind having their young children exposed to sexually-charged acts like those.

Prof. Livingstone pointed out that children’s online activities – and the time they spend browsing the Net – should be subject to their parents’ strict surveillance.

Her study shows that while 24% of youngsters came across some form of pornography in the Internet, on TV or in magazines last year, 41% of their parents weren’t aware of the fact.

Source of the image: Sheknows.

Get the child drink more often

Dentition is a natural process that does not require treatment, but it is accompanied by increased formation of unwanted body substances. To quickly get them out, often get the child drink between feedings.

Wipe off saliva

To prevent saliva from irritating the skin, wipe the child’s face and neck with baby wipes or soft towel, and once a day – lubricate with protective cream.

Massage the baby’s gum

Massage the swollen gum with clean fingertips, cold tea spoon or a gauze tampon – a light pressure on the gum will speed up teething.

Give your child teethers

Buy the baby a teething ring which is best kept in the refrigerator – cold will relieve pain, reduce swelling and remove inflammation of the gums.

Medicines that relieve pain during teething

On a doctor’s advice, you can use gels or ointments for the gum, which contain anti-inflammatory and analgesic substances, such as anesthesin (Kalgel, Dentinox).

Fever during teething

If a child has a fever (from 38 °C or higher) during teething, your doctor may recommend paracetamol. If the fever persists for 48 hours or the baby starts coughing, has a runny nose or watery stools, call a doctor: this could be cold or intestinal infection.

Diarrhea

If a baby has a stool disorder, feed him 2-3 days with lighter meals, preferably cereals. Limit the amount of fruits and juices, give him some tea with chamomile, fennel and caraway seeds, or administer these herbs in the form of droplets. The timing and order of teething depend on genes, but general patterns do exist.

How and when the first teeth appear in children

The first baby teeth appear in majority of babies after 5-8 months of birth. Typically, teeth appear in girls earlier than in boys. The date of this significant event usually depends on genes. If the child has no signs of rickets and he is developing normally, a delay in teething for 6 months is not a cause for concern.

Typically, the lower central incisors appear first, then the upper central and upper side ones.
Usually a one-year old kid could have 4 top teeth and 2 or 4 lower incisors, i.e. 6-8 teeth.

Source of the image: Photl.

It has happened, or it was your decision, that you’ll be parenting alone. Don’t get frustrated! There is absolutely nothing guilty, or shameful about it. Here are some tips which, we hope, will help make your life easier, more interesting and fun.

1. You Are Not Alone

Single moms often feel isolated. You absolutely have to break through it. You need to mix with many people and have your small circle of close and loved friends. They can make things a bit easier for you: your parents may help you look after your child and your friend may take your child from kindergarten if you have to stay over at work. Although this kind of support is important, it’s more crucial to look for moral support. Find room in your life for Friday night fun with friends and grand Saturday shopping with other moms and their kids. Bake cookies on Sunday, attend yoga classes, go to parties and make parties yourself. And try to make friends with other moms (and dads!) who are parenting alone.

2. Ask for Help

Many single moms are embarrassed to ask for help. They are afraid of approaching even close friends and think that they must handle everything alone. Hiring a nanny is costly, but you can’t leave a child unattended. If your family or friends offer their helping hand, don’t refuse it. Surely, there are people who simply want to do something for you, but they don’t know what. Meet your neighbors who have kids of the same age as yours. You can scratch each other’s back. Today they’ll look after your child; tomorrow you’ll return the favor.

3. You Are Not a Super-Mom

Many single moms are convinced they have to be super-moms. They keep their house sparkingly clean, make strawberry pancakes for breakfast and never cook the same dish for dinner. They give their child all attention and work like mad. Stop it! You’ll never find a room for yourself if you go on like this. Don’t even try it. It’s ok if you wash the floor once a week instead of moping it every day. This will give you more time to spend with your child and rest. Corn flakes for breakfast is also not the end of the world, you know.

4. Say No to That Sense of Guilt

Sense of guilt is the main satellite and enemy of all single mothers. Whatever the reason you are bringing up your child alone, you’ll be overwhelmed by worries that you work too much (or too little), that you are strained for time or money, that you have tensions with your ex-partner, that you want more kids, that your family is incomplete.

It’s very easy to fight those anxieties. Don’t you realize that problems are inescapable and exist in any family? But there are always bright sides, too. Instead of thinking like “if only my child had a father”, think what a great time you have with your child and how you love each other.

5. Your Small Achievements

You’ll feel more complete and successful if you always strive for small achievements. Many single moms aim at losing weight, finding new husband, moving into bigger house. These targets can be very hard to hit. Simplify your tasks. Try to go to the theater once a week, write a new post in your journal, jog in the mornings. This is not that difficult and a lot of fun. And every time you succeed to do what you’ve planed, you can feel great about yourself.

6. Put Up with Your Past

It’s important to find peace of mind. For single mom it often means reconciliation with the father of her child. Ex-husband is the major source of stress for many divorced women. So let the past go. It’s easier to say than do, but you must give it a good try.

Source of the image: Photl.

The reason was obvious – financial troubles. Mothers can’t get back to work soon after births while the family is forced to double its expenses on education, clothes, entertainment, toys and bicycles. Sociologists argue the government should support multiple birth families. Additionally, the parents in such families have to be more careful about each other to minimize the risk of divorce.

Source of the image: sxc.hu/profile/merala.

Going for percentage, a third of the parents involved confessed that they would rather not discipline their children in public. A little less – three in ten – even owned up to being pushovers.

The majority of the covered parents agreed that they hand out far less discipline than they were subjected to when they were children (55 per cent).

In the meantime 90 per cent adults are satisfied with the way they were controlled when they were children, disciplinary measures including smacking, and being sent away to their bedroom for 60 per cent and being sent off to bed early for 50 per cent.

20 per cent were left without dinner for their misbehavior, and ten had to go through even stricter punishment like having their ears boxed.

A spokesman for Cadet150 summed up: “Discipline is all part of growing up and it’s important for children that they are taught the difference between right and wrong.

“It seems children these days get a far easier ride than parents did twenty or thirty years ago.”

Source of the image: sxc.hu/profile/batluck.

The survey conducted by psychologists involved more than 140 families.  Parents and their children aged 13 to 17 were asked a range of sex-related questions. The questionnaire included such questions as “How does a woman get pregnant?”, “What are the changes that occur in a body during adolescence period?”, “How are condoms used?” and the like. Several questions concerned sexual orientation.

Parents and children were interviewed separately and asked about when sex was first discussed in the family and how children responded. It was discovered over 50 percent of parents never talked with their children on 14 of the 24 sex-related questions from the questionnaire.

42 percent of girls (compared to 70 percent of boys) reported that contraception issues were never touched in their family. 40 percent admitted they never talked with their parents about when and how it is healthy to start a sex life. Paradoxically, only half of parents of boys were honest about they didn’t talk with their sons about contraception methods. Psychologists believe this difference exemplifies and highlights the difficulty of the parent-child dialogue about sex.

The study authors emphasize that sex talks with children should happen long before children start investigating into the topic themselves. Experts advise parents bring up sex issues not just once but keep a discussion going to ensure unceasing dialogue with a child about all awkward topics. The appropriate period to “reveal the secret” is the age between 10 and 13.

Source of the image: sxc.hu/profile/lusi.

In the study, the researchers tested children for creative abilities. After comparing test scores of children whose parents were prone to depression with the test scores of children from optimistic families, they found the first group included much more creative persons.

The study authors believe the source of creativity in depressed people comes from their negative emotions that drive a person to look for solutions. Yet now researchers are still uncertain how exactly creativity is inherited by children. They believe it may be a combined result of upbringing, family traditions and genes.

Source of the image: flickr.com/photos/roycostello.

This research was carried out in the Calvin College in Michigan. Smacking children at an early age, generally before they turn six, may gear up the child toward better learning progress and active participation in social life both at school and into university years.

Children take physical discipline more naturally when young. It is slapping the child about when he or she approaches teens that may end up in the child’s inner desire to express disobedience and develop the habit of resolving conflicts through fights.

But a well-timed physical discipline makes children more successful in their studies than their peers whose bringing excluded spanking.

Still, lead researcher Marjorie Gunnoe refers to physical influence as a dangerous tool, to be used with consideration. “There are times when there is a job big enough for a dangerous tool. You just don’t use it for all your jobs,” she stipulates.

Gunnoe points out that physical disciplinary methods go down well with the child if the parents are fond and affectionate, and the child feels no hatred behind the slaps he gets. Spanking that is not excessively painful and done with good reason should be regarded as acceptable by the society.

Source of the image: flickr.com/photos/joeshlabotnik.

Dr Luis Angeles sees it differently. He thinks such an explanation would be too simplified. When asked about life’s priorities, most people would name their children among other things right away. Unlike previous studies, this research factored in personal characteristics, the fact of marriage, sex, age, income level and education when looking at the bond between having children and parent’s life satisfaction.

Regardless of age, married partners, especially women, stated having children made their life better, saying the more, the better. Unhappy parenting wa

The study conducted by scientists from Australian University of Queensland involved 30 first-time mothers. The women had their brain activity scanned as they looked at pictures of their baby in various emotional states. The scientists were also collecting information on the childhood of the mothers and how close was their relation to parents. The leading researcher, Dr Lane Strathearn, said that for mothers with close bond to their parents, the study found that any emotional states of infant, either laugher or crying, produced positive responses in their brain.

For mothers with poor attachment to their parents, the brain response was different. For them, the activity was observed in a brain region associated with pain, disgust and unfairness. The scientists also took blood from women for testing before and after they interacted with their seven-month-old baby. For mothers with stronger bond to their parents, more hormone oxytocin was detected in blood. This hormone is produced in brain and is important for childbirth, breastfeeding and maternal care.

The study was aimed at explaining the special mother-baby bond and why it may be hard to be established and sustained.

Earlier studies conducted by Dr Strathearn found that smiling baby may activate the reward region in a mother’s brain.

The study details were published in Neuropsychopharmacology Magazine.

Source of the image: sxc.hu/profile/educ8n4.

Children tend to memorize the names of objects better than the verbs. But verbs are crucial for language skills development since they are the centerpiece of sentences and connect words to each other. The researchers played children a video where characters performed actions accompanied with word descriptions, for example, “Look, she is dancing”. In some situations, children watched the videos by themselves, while in others they watched with an adult who performed the action that later would appear on the screen. The researchers then measured the children’s ability to memorize a new word and use it in an appropriate context.

Without adult support, the children under 3 years of age could not learn words from programs or understand them when they heard them in contexts outside the video. But when the children watched the program with an adult present to help them memorize new words, they could add them into their active vocabulary. Children over 3 years of age could learn words from the videos and understand them in other context by themselves, even without adult support.

Hirsh-Pasek says that the study’s message for the parents is that in spite of the excess of programs aimed at children under three years of age, the study warns against the inefficiency of these programs for language skills development in toddlers.

Source of the image: sxc.hu/profile/Annalog85.

Berlin and colleagues studied 2 500 children from white, Mexican-American and African-American low-income families. The study included interviewing parents about their children’s behavior, spanking and the reports from observers who visited the families and observed the relationship between parents and their 1-year, 2- and 3-year old children.

About one-third of mothers of 1-year-olds said they or someone else from the family spanked a child in the previous week, while half of mothers reported punishment of 2-and 3-year olds. Average spanking of 1-year-olds was at 2.6 times a week, 2-year-olds – at 3 times a week.

The study found that children who were spanked as 1-year olds exhibit more aggressive behavior by the time thee reached two years of age and scored worse on cognitive tests. Spanking 2-year-olds, however, didn’t have the same implications. This is probably because they were already more aggressive when parents spanked them.

The researchers also assessed the effect of verbal punishments such as yelling, scolding or disapproving remarks. They found that verbal punishment didn’t have a negative effect if the mother was basically attentive, loving and caring.

It remains unknown how spanking affect cognitive development. One of the theories goes that parents who spank their children are less likely to explain this kind of attitude to their children, which may affect the development of the latter.

Source of the image: flickr.com/photos/martijndevisser.

Half of parents also said that there are not enough places where children could safely have fun. Every other parent blamed his or her job for robbing them of time for playing with children.

Adrian Voce argues that games are crucial for the health of children as well as for their mental and cognitive development. What’s more important is that playing games is fundamental for enjoying childhood. Voce warns against turning a blind eye on the problem. He urges parents to try to engage in playing with their children enthusiastically.

The poll asked over 1000 parents. 72% admitted they wish to spend more time with their children. Experts also discovered that children have difficulties finding time for fun. Their free time is devoured by sizable homework and additional learning programs. About one third (34%) of kids and a quarter of seven-eight year olds said they couldn’t play because of their homework. Children revealed the lack of playing made them sad, miss their friends and unhappy.

Source of the image: flickr.com/photos/ebolasmallpox.

After 5 days (or after one day for vip-version of the test), the lab will return 100% reliable result showing if the user is a biological father. Regular test will cost £160 and VIP-version will go for about £300.

According to scientists, DNA test kits will be in huge demand in the UK, while many ethics groups are raising deep concerns over negative implications.

Source of the image: flickr.com/photos/melissaclark.